Historically, transgender individuals have faced discrimination, stigma, violence, family rejection, economic insecurity, and mental health challenges. In more recent years, the shifting of cultural norms has led to greater acceptance. The rigid roles of the past, such as butch and femme, female and male, have given way to a more fluid understanding of gender identity. In 2012 Governor Deval Patrick signed a law that prohibits discrimination against trans people in the workplace, but transphobia continues.